系所別	考試科目
行政管理學系碩士班	英文

閱讀測驗(複選題，每題五分。答錯不倒扣，與標準答案完全吻合者才計分)：

Discontent was rife among the skilled workers. Evidence of this was manifested by the continual, deliberate breaking of crockery in the company and complaints about the quality of the food provided. In interview the individual workers admitted that the food was good but their social relationship with Chih Yuan was exceedingly unsatisfactory. Many of these officers-the Chih Yuan-have been trained in the United States-enough at least to set pattern for the whole group. Now in America we have learned in actual practice to accept the rabble hypothesis with reservation. But the logical Chinese student of engineering or economics, knowing nothing of these practical reservations, returns to his own country convinced that the workman who is not wholly responsive to the “financial incentive” is a troublemaker and nuisance. And the Chinese worker lives up to this conviction by breaking plates.

( ) 1. Why exactly did the worker break the plates? 1)He believed in the conviction of the Chih Yuan; 2)the food of the company was not good; 3)many of the officers have been trained in the United States; 4)the worker was not satisfied emotionally or socially.

( ) 2. Please choose the incorrect statement(s): 1)Americans learned to accept that workman who is not wholly responsive to the “financial incentive” is a troublemaker; 2)Evidence of the workers’ discontent can be seen from the breaking of plates and complaints about the food; 3)the Chinese officers thought that the most important work motivation of the workers was money; 4)when discussing in private, the workers revealed that the problem was their relationships with the officers.

( ) 3. According to the article, 1)To find the real problem, Chih Yuan needed to correct their assumption; 2)Americans completely accept the fact that the workers only respond to financial incentives; 3)A large part of the Chinese officers were trained in America; 4)only problematic workers would not be wholly responsive to the financial incentives.

( ) 4. In reality, how is the food of the company? 1)expensive; 2)too salty; 3)ok; 4)acceptable

Underlying these sharpest distinctions between public and private management is a fundamental constitutional difference. In business, the functions of management are centralized in a single individual: the Chief Executive Officer. The goal is authority commensurate with responsibility. In contrast, in the government, the functions of management are spread among competing institutions. The constitutional goal was “not to promote efficiency but to preclude the exercise of arbitrary power.” The aim was to create incentives to compete: “the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same branch, consists in giving those who administer each branch the means and personal motives to resist the others.”

( ) 5. Please choose the incorrect statement(s): 1)In government, the functions of management are as centralized as in business; 2)the functions of the government are meant to be spread among institutions; 3)public managers enjoy competing more than private managers; 4)There is a fundamental constitutional difference between public and private management.

( ) 6. According to the article, 1)In public management, promoting efficiency is less important than precluding arbitrary power; 2)people who administer different branches of the government are encouraged to resist each other; 3)In business, managers, would be punished for competing with the other units; 4)chief executive officers can exercise centralized power even in the public sector.

( ) 7. Why exactly are the powers pf government separated? 1)Public managers do not have work incentives; 2)the functions of management in business are centralized in the Chief Executive Officer; 3)the situation was designed to prevent the exercise of arbitrary power; 4)public managers were not satisfied emotionally or socially.

( ) 8. The major difference between public and private management is 1)CEO; 2)Incomes; 3)number of people employed; 4)organizing principles.

翻譯(每題二十分)：

1. The new public administration movement paralleled a “new political science movement” and occurred simultaneously with the movement to rid political science of its emphasis on behavioralism. Both movements were led by “young turks” who had broader normative concerns than currently predominant technical emphases in the two fields would recognize.

2. Central to the practice of scientific management was the idea that there is “one best way” to perform any task. First the job was analyzed, breaking it down into its smallest possible segments, determining what the outputs were, and identifying unnecessary movements or procedures. This analysis provided the basis for the scientific redesign of the best way rather than rely on what Taylor called the “rule of thumb” traditional knowledge kept in a worker’s head.

3. The researchers of Hawthorne Studies concluded that the operative influences were the workers opportunity to function as a small primary group and the psychological payoffs that the workers on the main assembly line produced less than they were physically capable of because pf social norms and controls imposed by co-workers.